Banks Rush to Tokenize Deposits as Stablecoin Networks Beat Them to Shared Payment Rails

As of Q2 2026, 24 of the 50 largest U.S. banks are actively developing tokenized deposit infrastructure, marking a 26% increase from the previous quarter. While institutions like JPMorgan, Citi, and Wells Fargo have launched proprietary tokenized deposit products, these remain siloed within individual bank ecosystems, lacking the interoperability required for interbank settlement. To address this, a consortium of major banks including Bank of America, HSBC, and PNC is collaborating with The Clearing House to build a shared network for clearing and settling tokenized commercial bank money. This initiative aims to prevent the migration of up to $6 trillion in deposits into stablecoins, which Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan identified as a significant threat to the fractional reserve banking system. The GENIUS Act, signed in July 2025, provides the necessary regulatory clarity by exempting tokenized deposits from stablecoin licensing requirements and confirming their status as FDIC-insured liabilities. Despite the rapid development of these rails, banks face a structural challenge in matching the throughput of legacy systems like CHIPS and Fedwire. The industry-wide network, currently under development, is targeted for launch in the first half of 2027 to bridge the gap between private blockchain ledgers and traditional payment systems.